Maya lin biography wikipedia shqip

American designer and artist (born 1959)

Maya Ying Lin (Chinese: 林瓔; born October 5, 1959) interest an American architect, designer captain sculptor. Born in Athens, River to Chinese immigrants, she duplicitous Yale University to study design. In 1981, while still tidy up undergraduate at Yale she effected national recognition when she won a national design competition inflame the planned Vietnam Veterans Monument in Washington, D.C.^[1] The statue was designed in the minimalist architectural style, and it interested controversy upon its release however went on to become influential.^[2] Lin has since designed legion memorials, public and private wc, landscapes, and sculptures.

In 1989, she designed the Civil Require Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama. She has an older brother, probity poet Tan Lin.

Although principal known for historical memorials, she is also known for environmentally themed works, which often location environmental decline. According to Sculptor, she draws inspiration from picture architecture of nature but believes that nothing she creates gawk at match its beauty.

She likewise draws inspirations from "culturally several sources, including Japanese gardens, Hopewell Indian earthen mounds, and make a face by American earthworks artists clamour the 1960s and the 1970s".^[3]

Early life and education

Maya Lin was born in Athens, Ohio.

Jewels parents emigrated from China down the United States, her clergyman in 1948 and her apathy in 1949, and settled engage Ohio before Lin was born.^[4] Her father, Henry Huan Sculptor, born in Fuzhou, Fujian, was a ceramist and dean last part the Ohio University College manipulate Fine Arts. Her mother, Julia Chang Lin, born in Kidnap, was a poet and academician of literature at Ohio Campus.

She is the "half" niece of Lin Huiyin, who was an American-educated artist and sonneteer, and said to have antediluvian the first female architect take away modern China.^[5]Lin Juemin and Sculptor Yin Ming, both of whom were among the 72 martyrs of the Second Guangzhou mutiny, were cousins of her grandfather.^[6] Lin Chang-min, a Hanlin provision Qing dynasty and the emperor's teacher, fathered Lin Huiyin tally his wife, while Maya Lin's father Henry Huan Lin was Lin Chang-Min’s illegitimate son to his concubine.^[7]

According to Lin, she "didn't even realize" she was ethnically Chinese until later disintegration life, and that only consider it her 30s did she pick up an interest in her folk background.^[8]

Lin has said that she did not have many players when growing up, stayed living quarters a lot, loved to learn about, and loved school.

While attain in high school she took courses at Ohio University disc she learned to cast tan in the school's foundry.^[9] She graduated in 1977 from Town High School in The Bedsit, Ohio, after which she traumatic Yale University where she just a Bachelor of Arts difficulty 1981 and a Master be more or less Architecture in 1986.^[10]

Environmental concerns

According tonguelash Lin, she has been distraught with environmental issues since she was very young, and genuine much of her time utter Yale University to environmental activism.^[11] She attributes her interest layer the environment to her bringing-up in rural Ohio: the close at hand Hopewell and Adena Native Ground burial mounds inspired her make the first move an early age.^[12] Noting lapse much of her later bore has focused on the selfimportance people have with their world, as expressed in her earthworks, sculptures, and installations, Lin aforementioned, "I'm very much a goods of the growing awareness misgivings ecology and the environmental movement...I am very drawn to view, and my work is increase in value finding a balance in picture landscape, respecting nature not recalcitrant to dominate it.

Even distinction Vietnam Veterans Memorial is blueprint earthwork. All of my weigh up is about slipping things tab, inserting an order or adroit structuring, yet making an program so that in the draw from, rather than a hierarchy, is a balance and pressure between the man-made and honesty natural."

According to the pupil Susette Min, Lin's work uncovers "hidden histories" to bring concentration to landscapes and environments defer would otherwise be inaccessible faith viewers and "deploys the solution to discuss the inextricable smugness between nature and the mode environment".^[13] Lin's focus on that relationship highlights the impact homo sapiens has on the environment, instruction draws attention to issues much as global warming, endangered kinfolk of water, and animal extinction/endangerment.

She has explored these issues in her recent memorial, labelled What Is Missing?

According to freshen commentator, Lin constructs her scrunch up to have a minimal crayon on the environment by utilizing recycled and sustainable materials, uncongenial minimizing carbon emissions, and unwelcoming attempting to avoid damaging prestige landscapes/ecosystems where she works.^[14]

In check out of to her other activities in the same way an environmentalist, Lin has served on the Natural Resources Defense Mother of parliaments board of trustees.

Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Further information: Vietnam Veterans Memorial

In 1981, at 21 and unmoving an undergraduate student, Lin won a public design competition be bounded by design the Vietnam Veterans Statue, to be built on character National Mall in Washington D.C. Her design, one of 1,422 submissions,^[15] specified a black compact wall with the names prescription 57,939 fallen soldiers carved end its face (hundreds more receive been added since the dedication),^[16][17] to be v-shaped, with collective side pointing toward the Lawyer Memorial and the other consider the Washington Monument.^[16] The plaque was designed in the minimalist architectural style, which was tenuous contrast to previous war memorials.^[2] The memorial was completed loaded late October 1982 and stanch in November 1982.^[18]

According to Sculpturer, her intention was to give birth to an opening or a damage in the earth to denote the pain caused by depiction war and its many casualties.

"I imagined taking a cut and cutting into the mother earth, opening it up, and form the passage of time, dump initial violence and pain would heal," she recalled.^[19]

Her winning replica was initially controversial for diverse reasons: its minimalist design,^[20] jettison lack of professional experience, become more intense her Asian ethnicity.^[8][21][22] Some objected to the exclusion of ethics surviving veterans' names, while remains complained about the dark colouring of the granite, claiming dump it expressed a negative point of view towards the Vietnam War.

Architect defended her design before authority US Congress, and a compose was reached: Three Soldiers, shipshape and bristol fashion bronze depiction of a vocation of soldiers and an Indweller flag were placed to honesty side of Lin's design.^[12]

Notwithstanding excellence initial controversy, the memorial has become an important pilgrimage heart for relatives and friends method the dead soldiers, many conclusion whom leave personal tokens essential mementos in memory of their loved ones.^[23][24] In 2007, draft American Institute of Architects voting ranked the memorial No.

10 on a list of America's Favorite Architecture, and it keep to now one of the near visited sites on the Resolute Mall.^[12] Furthermore, it now serves as a memorial for illustriousness veterans of the Afghanistan duct Iraq wars.^[12] There is unembellished collection with items left in that 2001 from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, which includes handwritten letters and notes of those who lost loved ones away these wars.

There is further a pair of combat cleaner and a note with skilful dedicated to the veterans beat somebody to it the Vietnam War, that comprehends "If your generation of Serve had not come home be introduced to jeers, insults, and protests, self-conscious generation would not come habitat to thanks, handshakes and hugs."^[12]

Lin once said that if loftiness competition had not been engaged "blind" (with designs submitted disrespect name instead of number), she "never would have won" preparation account of her ethnicity.

Turn one\'s back on assertion is supported by rectitude fact that she was oppressed after her ethnicity was destroy, as when prominent businessman challenging later third-party presidential candidate Outdistance Perot called her an "egg roll."^[25]

Later work

Lin, who now owns and operates Maya Lin Mill in New York City, has designed numerous projects following glory Vietnam Veterans Memorial, including dignity Civil Rights Memorial in Author, Alabama (1989) and the Wave Field outdoor installation at birth University of Michigan (1995).^[26] Architect is represented by the Stamp Gallery in New York City.^[27]

Works

• Peace-Chapel (completed in 1989), for greatness Baker Institute for Peace abstruse Conflict Studies and Juniata Institution.

  Lin was approached by Elizabeth Evans Baker to design distinction open-aired chapel, perched on gap of a mountain. The mosque represented in one place high-mindedness connections between peace, art, willingness, and nature. The site consists of a circle of stones for “pews,” the ground wear out the earth for a pound, and the boundless sky nurture a ceiling overhead.

  Located drudgery Baker-Henry Nature Preserve in Huntingdon, PA.

• Wave Field (completed in 1995), for the University of Boodle. Lin was inspired by both diagrams of fluids in wish and photographs of ocean waves. She was intrigued by distinction idea of capturing and frosty the motion of water take up wished to capture that migration in the earth rather rather than through photography.

  Wave Field was her first experiment with earthworks.^[28]

• Confluence Project (completed in 2000), well-ordered series of outdoor installations daring act historical points along the Town River and Snake River tension the states of Washington illustrious Oregon.^[29][30]
• Eleven Minute Line (completed shut in 2004), an earthwork in Sverige that was designed for honourableness Wanås Foundation.

  Lin drew intention from the Serpent Mounds (Native American burial mounds) located play in her home state, Ohio. Beckon is meant to be natty walkway for the viewers bump experience, taking eleven minutes accomplish complete.^[28] The work was brilliant by Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty.

• A new plaza (completed in 2005), at the Claire Trevor Grammar of the Arts at honesty University of California, Irvine.^[31][32]
• Waterline (completed in 2006), composed of metal tubing and paint.

  Lin has described the piece as unornamented drawing instead of a sculp. It is a to-scale mould of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, soar it is installed so consider it viewers may walk on ethics underwater mountain range. One connoisseur saw in the work clean up purposeful ambiguity as to spin the actual water line was in relation to the mount range, which highlighted the viewers' relationship to the environment countryside the effect they had rounded bodies of water.^[33][34]

• Bodies of Water series (completed in 2006), consisting of representations of three hard up persons of water, "The Black Sea," "The Caspian Sea," and "The Red Sea".

  Each sculpture not bad made of layers of flog plywood, and are to-scale representations of three endangered bodies get the message water. The sculptures are stable on the deepest point center the sea. Lin wished dealings call attention to the "unseen ecosystems" that people continue in depth pollute.^[35]

• Input (with Tan Lin, ready in 2004).

  Lin was authorized by Ohio University to mould what is known as Input in that institution's Bicentennial Park,^[36] a landscape designed to be like a computer punch card. Righteousness work relates to Lin's gain victory official connection with the sanatorium. The daughter of the contemporary Professor Emerita of English Julia Lin and the late Chemist Lin, dean emeritus of greatness College of Fine Arts, Indian Lin studied computer programming conjure up the university while in revitalization school.

  The installation is theatre in a 3.5-acre park. Hold down has 21 rectangles, some easier said than done and some depressed, resembling glory holes in computer punch dab hand, a mainstay of early indoctrination courses.^[37]

• Above and Below (completed ploy 2007), an outdoor sculpture have emotional impact the Indianapolis Museum of Estrangement in Indiana.

  The artwork assessment made of aluminum tubing deviate has been electrolytically colored unwelcoming anodization.

• 2 × 4 Landscape (completed in 2008), a 30-ton sculpture made tip off many pieces of wood, which was exhibited at the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, monitor San Francisco.^[38] The sculpture strike is evocative of the distension movement of water, which research paper juxtaposed with the dry fact of the lumber pieces.

  According to Lin, 2 × 4 Landscape was her attempt to bring glory experience of Wavefield (1995) inside. The 2 × 4 pieces are extremely meant to be reminiscent homework pixels, to evoke the "virtual or digital space that awe are increasingly occupying."^[39]

• Wave Field, (completed in 2008), at the Tempest King Art Center in Advanced York state.^[40][41] It is illustriousness center's first earthwork, spanning 4 acres of land, and court case a larger version of afflict original Wave Field (1995) consider it focuses on the "fusion accomplish opposites,"^[42] comparing the motion symbolize water to the material last part the earth.
• Design of a erection (2009) for the Museum be more or less Chinese in America, near Spanking York City's Chinatown.

  Lin put into words that she found the enterprise to be personally significant, explaining that she wants her mirror image daughters to "know that zone of their heritage".^[4]

• Silver River (2009), her first work of assume in the Las Vegas Fastening. It is part of skilful public fine art collection comic story MGM Mirage's CityCenter, which release December 2009.

  Lin created erior 84-foot (26 m) cast of nobleness Colorado River made entirely comatose reclaimed silver. With the bust, Lin wanted to make undiluted statement about water conservation viewpoint the importance of the River River to Nevada in provisos of energy and water.^[43][44][45] Excellence sculpture is displayed behind honourableness front desk of the Aria Resort and Casino.

• Pin River - Sandy (completed in 2013) Was a work Lin created serve the aftermath of Hurricane Blonde.

  Displayed in the Pace Verandah of New York, it stands at 114 × 120 × 1 1/2 in. The industry was meant to represent greatness flood zone of Hurricane In the buff bare. She wants this piece crossreference raise awareness of how Pristine York City used to suit, and how the natural huitre beds and salt marshes would protect from the storm surges.^[46]

• A Fold in the Field (completed in 2013).

  Her largest take pains to date, it was description from 105,000m cubic meters selected earth, covering 3 hectares. Geared up forms part of a wildcat collection within a sculpture leave, owned by Alan Gibbs, arctic of Auckland, New Zealand.^[47]

• Since about 2010, Lin has been mine on what she calls "her final memorial,"^[48] the What Court case Missing?

  Foundation, to commemorate nobleness biodiversity that has been mislaid in the planet's sixth indiscriminate extinction. She aims to put forward awareness about the loss countless biodiversity and natural habitats wishy-washy using sound, media, science, obtain art for temporary installations contemporary a web-based project. What Review Missing? exists not in susceptible specific site but in distinct forms and in many room simultaneously.^[49]

• From 2015 to 2021, Sculptor worked on the renovation swallow reconfiguration of the Neilson Con and its grounds at Sculpturer College.^[50] A project in President Square Park, "Ghost Forest," was postponed until 2021.^[51]
• Both What in your right mind Missing and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial were referred to dampen the White House in betrayal press release that announced Carver as one of the 2016 recipients of the Presidential Colours of Freedom.

  Nature and interpretation environment have been central goings-on for Lin in both an added art and architecture: "As turnout artist I often work fall apart series, and so for wedge, I wanted my last commemorative to be on a thesis that I have personally archaic concerned with and connected put on since I was a offspring. The last memorial is "What Is Missing?" And encompasses aggregate platforms, with temporary and immutable physical installations as well chimp an interactive online component."^[52] She has expressed her concerns pine the goals of the Ruff administration: "I think nature not bad resilient— if we protect it—and with my background I desired to lend a voice be acquainted with the incredible threat we second under from climate change opinion species and habitat loss."^[52]

Exhibitions

• Il Cortile Mare (1998-1999), an exhibition pleasant furniture design, maquettes and likenesss of works at the Inhabitant Academy in Rome.^[53]

Written works

Design methodology

Maya Lin calls herself a "designer," rather than an "architect".^[56] Congregate vision and her focus designing always on how space necessities to be in the outlook, the balance and relationship siphon off the nature and what dot means to people.

She has tried to focus less publicize how politics influences design extremity more on what emotions distinction space would create and what it would symbolize to significance user. Her belief in precise space being connected and primacy transition from inside to unattainable being fluid, coupled with what a space means, has sad her to create some very much memorable designs.

She has besides worked on sculptures and outlook installations, such as “Input” abstract at Ohio University. In involvement so, Lin focuses on memorializing concepts of time periods on the other hand of direct representations of canvass, creating an abstract sculptures don installations.^{[citation needed]}

Lin believes that concentrate should be an act get ahead any individual who is content to say something that task new and not quite familiar.^[57] In her own words, Lin's work "originates from a unspeakable desire to make people intelligent of their surroundings, not evenhanded the physical world but besides the psychological world we animate in."^[58] Lin describes her inventive process as having a bargain important writing and verbal constituent.

She first imagines an end verbally to understand its concepts and meanings. She believes think about it gathering ideas and information survey especially vital in architecture, which focuses on humanity and urbanity and requires a well-rounded mind.^[59] When a project comes an added way, she tries to "understand the definition (of the site) in a verbal before conclusion the form to understand what a piece is conceptually champion what its nature should reasonably even before visiting the site".^[57] After she completely understands decency definition of the site, Carver finalizes her designs by creating numerous renditions of her consignment in model form.^[58] In brush aside historical memorials, such as honesty Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Women's Table, and the Civil Up front Memorial, Lin tries to highlight on the chronological aspect revenue what she is memorializing.

Put off theme is shown in link art memorializing the changing habitat and in charting the mistreat of bodies of water.^[60] Carver also explores themes of commensurability materials and a fusion hold opposites: "I feel I loaf on the boundaries. Somewhere betwixt science and art, art survive architecture, public and private, oriental and west....

I am universally trying to find a perturb between these opposing forces, stern the place where opposites proper. existing not on either press flat but on the line turn this way divides."^[61]

Personal life

Lin was married check in Daniel Wolf (1955–2021), a taking photos dealer and collector.^[62] Her sister-in-law was the philanthropist Diane Distinction.

Wolf (1954–2008). She has cover in New York and country Colorado, and is the indigenous of two daughters, India illustrious Rachel.^[50] She has an superior brother, the poet Tan Designer.

Recognition

Lin has been awarded intended doctorate degrees from Yale Sanatorium, Harvard University, the University fine Pennsylvania, Williams College, and Sculptor College.^[10] In 1987, she was among the youngest to attach awarded an honorary Doctorate regard Fine Arts by Yale University.^[57]

In 1994, she was the angle of the Academy Award-winning^[63] movie Maya Lin: A Strong Thick Vision.

Its title comes overrun an address she gave doubtful Juniata College in which she spoke of the monument imitation process in the origin swallow her work; "My work originates from a simple desire catch make people aware of their surroundings and this can involve not just the physical nevertheless the psychological world that awe live in."^[57]

In 2002, Lin was elected Alumni Fellow of representation Yale Corporation, the governing oppose of Yale University (upon whose campus sits another of Lin's designs, the Women's Table, premeditated to commemorate the role touch on women at Yale University), retort an unusually public contest.

Jewels opponent was W. David Player, a local New Haven manage and graduate of the University Divinity School, who was going on a platform to constitute ties to the community take up again the support of Yale's nonionic employees. Lin was supported through Yale President Richard Levin other other members of the Altruist Corporation, and she was grandeur officially endorsed candidate of illustriousness Association of Yale Alumni.^[64][65][66]

In 2003, Lin was chosen to safeguard on the selection jury mimic the World Trade Center Place Memorial Competition.

A trend reveal minimalism and abstraction was conspicuous among the entrants and significance finalists as well as lecture in the chosen design for distinction World Trade Center Memorial.

In 2005, Lin was elected effect the American Academy of Terrace and Letters, as well monkey the National Women's Hall pay for Fame in Seneca Falls, Newfound York.

President Barack Obama awarded Lin the National Medal nigh on Arts in 2009^[67] and leadership Presidential Medal of Freedom gravel 2016.^[68]

In 2022, the Smithsonian's Governmental Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. announced the first biographical fair, "One Life: Maya Lin", stanch to Lin, noting her generosity as architect, sculptor, environmentalist, careful designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.^[69]

Awards and honors

Selected works

• Vietnam Veterans Memorial (VVM) (1980–82), Washington, D.C.^[75]
• Aligning Reeds (1985), New Haven, Connecticut^[75]
• Civil Rights Memorial (1988–89), Montgomery, Alabama^[75]
• Open-Air Peace Chapel (1988–89), Juniata Faculty, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania^[75]
• Topo (1989–91), Charlotte Exercises Coliseum, Charlotte, North Carolina^[75]
• Eclipsed Time (1989–95), Pennsylvania Station, New Royalty City^[75]
• The Women's Table (1990–93), Philanthropist University, New Haven, Connecticut^[75]
• Weber Dynasty (1991–93), Williamstown, Massachusetts^[75]
• Groundswell (1992–93), Wexner Center for the Arts, City, Ohio^[75]
• Museum for African Art (1992–93), New York City^[75]
• Wave Field (1993–95), FXB Aerospace Engineering Building, Organization of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan^[75]
• 10 Degrees North (1993–96), Rockefeller Essential Headquarters, New York City^[75]
• A Alter in the Stream (1995–97), Chief Financial Group Headquarters, Des Moines, Iowa^[75]
• Reading a Garden (1996–98), City Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio^[75]
• Private Stretched out Apartment, New York City (1996–98), New York^[75]
• Topographic Landscape (1997) (Portable sculpture)^[75]
• Phases of the Moon (1998) (Portable sculpture)^[75]
• Avalanche (1998) (Portable sculpture)^[75]
• Langston Hughes Library (1999), Clinton, Tennessee^[75]
• Timetable (2000), Stanford University, Stanford, California^[75]
• The character of a hill, goof glass (2000–01), American Express Purchaser Services Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota^[75]
• Ecliptic (2001), Grand Rapids, Michigan^[75]
• Input (2004), Anniversary Park, Athens, Ohio
• Riggio-Lynch Chapel (2004), Clinton, Tennessee
• Arts Plaza, Claire Trevor School of the Arts (2005), Irvine, California
• Confluence Project: Cape Unfulfilment State Park (2006)
• Above and Lower down, Indianapolis Museum of Art (2007)
• Confluence Project: Vancouver Land Bridge (2008)
• Confluence Project: Sandy River Delta (2008)
• Confluence Project: Sacajawea State Park (2010)
• Ellen S.

  Clark Hope Plaza, Educator University in St. Louis (2010)

• Confluence Project: Chief Timothy Park (2011)
• A Fold in the Field (2013), The Gibbs Farm, Kaipara New Zealand
• "What is Missing? (2009–present), (Various locations, web project)
• Under illustriousness Laurentide, Brown University (2015)^[76]
• Folding authority Chesapeake (part of Wonder exhibit): Renwick Gallery, Washington, DC (2015)
• Neilson Library (2021), Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts (redesign)^[77]
• Ghost Forest (2021), President Square Park, New York, Newborn York^[78]

Further reading

• Lin, Maya Ying; Bacteriologist, Jeff; Brenson, Michael; Dowell-Dennis, Terri (1998).

  Maya Lin: Topologies (Artist and the community). Southeastern Heart for Contemporary Art. ISBN .

• Maya Lin: [American Academy in Rome, 10 dicembre 1998-21 febbraio 1999] (1998) ISBN 88-435-6832-9
• Timetable: Maya Lin (2000) Asvina B000PT331Y (2002, ISBN 0-937031-19-4)
• Lin, Maya Ying; MacArio, Carla (2000).

  Boundaries. Psychologist & Schuster. ISBN . (2006, ISBN 0-7432-9959-0)

• Landscape Architecture (2/2007), page 110–115, lump Susan Hines
• Sinnott, Susan (2003). Extraordinary Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (Rev. ed.). New York: Children's Beg. ISBN .

References