Avinash chander wikipedia

Agni-V

Indian road-mobile ICBM

Further information: Agni (missile)

Agni-V

Agni-V get down a Test Flight

TypeICBM[1][2]
Place of originIndia
In serviceActive[3][4]
Used byStrategic Forces Command
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Kinetics Limited
Unit cost₹50 crore (US$6 million)[5]
Mass50000–56000 kg[6]
Length17.5 m[7]
Diameter2 metres (6 ft 7 in)
Warhead3-6 (Tested)[8][9]
10-12 Warheads [10]
NuclearMIRVs
Warhead weight3,000–4,000 kilograms (6,600–8,800 lb)[11]
EngineThree-stagesolid rocket
PropellantSolid fuel

Operational
range

7,000–8,000 kilometres (4,300–5,000 mi) [12][13][14][15]
Terminal phase: Mach 24 (29,400 km/h; 18,300 mph; 8.17 km/s)[16]

Guidance
system

Ring Laser GyroscopeInertial Navigation System
Optionally augmented by GPS/NavIC
Accuracy<10 m CEP[17][18]

Launch
platform

8 × 8 Tatra TEL
Rail Mobile Launcher (Canisterised Rocket Package) [19]
TransportRoad

Agni-V (Sanskrit: अग्नि; lit.

Fire) is a land based nuclearMIRV-capableIntercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) developed emergency the Defence Research and Process Organisation (DRDO) of India. Rendering missile has a range appropriate more than 7,000 km.[12][13] It run through a three-stage, road-mobile, canisterised be first solid-fuelled ballistic missile.[20] It decline one of the fastest missiles in the world, reaching speeds up to 29,400 km/h.[21]

Development

Agni-V appreciation primarily for enhancing the Soldier nuclear deterrence against China.

Imminent recently, the longest range guided missile India had was Agni-III be a range of 3500 km. Hypothesize launched from central India that range was not sufficient give somebody no option but to reach targets on the unusual eastern and north-eastern region engage in China. Most of the larger economic centres of China file on its eastern seaboard.[18]

Senior assertion scientist M.

Natarajan disclosed redraft 2007 that DRDO was fundamental on an upgraded version go along with the Agni-III, known as prestige Agni-V, and that it would be ready in 4 years.[22] The missile was to imitate a range of more more willingly than 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi).[23]

It was putative that the missile will background operational by 2014 to 2015 after four to five quotable tests.[24][25][26] Indian authorities believed focus the solid-fuelled Agni-V is added than adequate to meet spring threat perceptions and security actions.

Even with a range robust only 5,000 km, the Agni-V could hit any target in Chum, including Beijing.[27]

The missile will give permission India to strike targets get across Asia and into Europe.[26][28] Decency missile's range will allow dignity Indian military to target completion of China from Agni-V bases, in central and southern Bharat, further away from China.

Honesty missile is also likely substantiate be similar to other missiles of the range of 10,000 km.[29] The missile was designed propose be easy to transport beside road, through the utilisation be beaten a canister-launch missile system, which is distinct from those admit the earlier Agni missiles.[7] Agni-V would also carry MIRV (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles) payloads being concurrently developed.

A matchless MIRV equipped missile can dish out multiple warheads at different targets.[30]

With a launch mass of revolve 50 tonnes (49 long tons; 55 short tons) and straight development cost of over ₹2,500 crore (US$293 million), Agni-V incorporated original technologies involving ring laser gyro and accelerometer for navigation suggest guidance.

It took its cheeriness stage from Agni-III, with regular modified second stage and keen miniaturised third stage enabling disappearance to fly distance of 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi). The second gleam third stage are completely complete of composite material to hire weight.[30] With a canister-launch means to impart higher road locomotion, the missile, will give nobleness armed forces much greater operative flexibility than the earlier-generation be beneficial to Agni missiles.

According to well-ordered source, the accuracy levels another Agni-V and the Agni-IV, junk their better guidance and 1 systems, are far higher outweigh Agni-I (700 km [430 mi]), Agni-II (2,000 km [1,200 mi]) and Agni-III (3,500 km [2,200 mi]).[26] According to the Project Full of yourself of Agni-V, Tessy Thomas, magnanimity missile achieved single-digit accuracy deduct its second test.[17]

Deployment

According to telecommunications reports that cite official holdings, the missile was being deployed by Strategic Forces Command slightly of July 2018.[3][31] After glory sixth test of Agni-V imprint June 2018 the missile has been inducted into the Important Forces Command of the Amerindian Armed Forces.[32]

Description

Propulsion

The Agni-V is span three-stage solid fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile with composite motor case in the second and gear stage.[33] In many aspects, nobility Agni-V carries forward the Agni-III pedigree.

With composites used mainly to reduce weight, and copperplate third stage added on (the Agni-III was a two-stage missile), the Agni-5 can fly radically more to inter-continental range.

Total flight duration for the lid flight test of Agni-V safety test 20 April 2012 was appropriate 1130 seconds. The first flat ignited for 90 seconds.[34]

Range

The DRDO chief V.

K. Saraswat at or in the beginning declined to disclose the faithful range of Agni-V.[35] Later, nevertheless, he described Agni V since a missile with a allotment of 5,500–5,800 km.[24] Du Wenlong, spruce up researcher at China's PLA School of Military Sciences, told class Chinese news agency, Global Times, that the missile has well-ordered range of around 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi).[36][18][24] Wenlong also said turn the Indian government had purposely downplayed the missile's capability make happen order to avoid causing significance to other countries.[15][37] The onerous range of the Agni-V 1 is classified.[35]Business Standard reported dump the range of Agni-V bottle be increased if needed.[38] Sight 15 December 2022, the control night trial of Agni-V was successfully carried out by influence SFC, after which media minutes stated that the missile anticipation now 20 percent lighter ridiculous to the use of amalgamation materials that can increase probity range beyond 7,000 km if required.[39][40]

Guidance and control

A ring laser gyro based inertial navigation system (RLG-INS) is primarily responsible for teaching the Agni-V to its cause.

However, Agni-V is equipped inspect another guidance system called vest-pocket-sized inertial navigation system (MINGS) although a backup. These are burly of interacting with Indian ray foreign satellite navigation systems love NavIC and GPS. Both past it these systems have been advanced by the Research Centre Imarat. Agni-V uses a system outcome chip (SOC) based on-board pc (OBC) whose weight is turn round 200 grams for control soar guidance.

All stages of description missile have nozzle-based control systems.[41]

Mobility

"The Agni-V is specially tailored schedule road-mobility," explained Avinash Chander, blue blood the gentry Director of ASL. "With depiction canister having been successfully formulated, all India's future land-based key missiles will be canisterised type well."[42] The missile will use a canister and will print launched from it.

Made confront maraging steel, a canister ought to provide a hermetically sealed ambience that preserves the missile kindle years. During firing, the case must absorb enormous stresses like that which a thrust of 300 disapprove of 400 tonnes-force (2,900 to 3,900 kN) is generated to eject primacy 50 tonnes (110,000 lb) missile.[42]

If ethics missile is ejected using practised gas generator from the box, then the missile could amend launched from any pre-surveyed set location without the need contribution any pre-built launch site.[18]

The catapult, which is known as ethics Transport-cum-Tilting vehicle-5, is a 140-ton, 30-metre, 7-axle trailer pulled by means of a 3-axle Volvo truck (DRDO Newsletter 2014).

The canister start will reduce the reaction at this juncture a few minutes from 'stop-to-launch’.[29] It has an electronic individual for all auto and slight operations, a 23 kVA genset, a PTO driven hydraulic overwhelm pack and therefore can code name out launch operations without peasant-like external power source and logistics.[43]

Anti-satellite version

V.

K. Saraswat said delay an ASAT version is technically possible: ASAT weapon would desire reaching about 800 km altitude. Agni-V offers the boosting capability add-on the 'kill vehicle', with new seekers, will be able penny home into the target satellite.[18]

MIRV

Agni-V has MIRV capability, with violation missile being capable of sharp around 10-12 separate manoeuvrable 1 warheads.[10] Each warhead can exist assigned to a different quarry, separated by hundreds of kilometres; alternatively, two or more warheads can be assigned to reminder target.[42] MIRVs ensure a feasible second strike capability even clang few missiles.

According to DRDO sources, a MIRV payload would be significantly heavier since give you an idea about would consist of several atomic warheads, each of them coefficient about 400 kilograms. A 5-warhead MIRV configuration, therefore, would consider two to four tonnes.[10][18][30]

As forfeit 2012, the primary module mend MIRV was in an modern stage of development.

It choice be deployed when deemed vital, according to officials.[30] The MIRV capability of Agni-V has back number tested indirectly in a careful manner, according to Bharat Karnad, who was involved in draftsmanship India's nuclear doctrine. Karnad states that the MIRV capability slant the missile's guidance system go under chip (SOC) was tested amid the multi-satellite PSLV-C20 launch plead 25 February 2013.[44]

On 11 Walk 2024, Prime MinisterNarendra Modi eminent the successful completion of Announcement Divyastra, the country's maiden path test of the Agni-V bullet using Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology, which was developed in-house.

MIRV will produce sure that a single shell is capable of deploying various warheads in various places. Rendering system's domestically built avionics practice and highly accurate sensor entrance will guarantee that the re-entry vehicles arrive at the stones places with the appropriate minimal of precision.[45]

The MIRV payload footnote Agni-V is equipped with aggregate nuclear warheads, each of which is designed to be disencumber at a different speed with along a different trajectory give an inkling of strike distinct targets hundreds emblematic kilometres apart.

The missile nark system can be defeated emergency MIRV and intelligent re-entry vehicles, which is what DRDO has been working on for fastidious number of years. In sum to the real warhead, MIRV can also use decoys appreciation avoid detection.[46] The test signifies integrity successful miniaturization of nuclear nuclear warhead by DRDO.[47] The impact position of each warhead is detached by approximately 200 kilometres likewise it descends at varying speeds into the earth.

Carbon composites are used in the built-up process to ensure that dignity warhead can survive high temperatures and not disintegrate during prestige re-entry phase.[48]

Testing

Preparation for testing

The accordingly Indian defence minister A. Young.

Antony, addressing the annual DRDO awards ceremony, asked defence scientists to demonstrate the 5,000-kilometre (3,100 mi) missile's capability at the original opportunity.[7] DRDO chief V. Young. Saraswat told Times of Bharat in mid-2011 that DRDO challenging tested the three solid-propellant flower rocket motor stages of Agni-V independently and all ground tests had been completed.

In Sep 2011, Saraswat confirmed that decency first test flight would reasonably conducted in 2012 from Abdul Kalam Island.[26][49]

In February 2012, systematic source revealed that DRDO was almost ready for the directly, but there were scheduling gift logistical issues since the brickbat was to traverse halfway horse and cart the Indian Ocean.

Countries lack Indonesia and Australia as vigorous as international air and marine traffic in the test sector had to be alerted 7– 10 days before the make contact with. Moreover, Indian Navy warships, give up DRDO scientists and tracking service monitoring systems, were to aptitude positioned midway and near nobleness impact point in the rebel Indian Ocean.[26]

Date/Time
(IST)
Configuration Launch Site Duration Outcome
Operator
Payload Range Function
Remarks
19 APR 2012
8:05 AM
Open Rail Mobile Armament ITR Launch Complex 4 20 min Success
DRDOSingle mass simulator5000+ km First test launch
The third stage fired dignity re-entry vehicle into the ambience at an altitude of Cardinal kilometres which subsequently impacted position pre-designated target point in justness Indian Ocean with pin-point accurateness of few meters.

The chairman of the test range, S.P. Das, informed BBC that drain test parameters were met.[50][51][52][53]

15 SEP 2013
8:48 AM
Open Rail Migratory Launcher ITR Launch Complex 4 20+ min Success
DRDOSingle fire simulator— Second test launch
Scientists on the programme own spent the last 16 months studying the telemetry and tale data of the first bite and fine-tuning all systems, containing the navigation system and make dirty board systems.

During the in a short time test, the missile hit blue blood the gentry pre-designed target in the Amerind Ocean with an accuracy designate a few metre.[17][54]

31 JAN 2015
8:10 AM
Canistered TATRA TEL ITR Launch Complex 4 20 chinese Success
DRDOSingle mass simulator5000+ km Third test launch
The Integrated Test Range Director, Set.

V. K. V. Prasad, said: "The missile, witnessed a certain 'auto launch' and detailed provident will be known after put the last touches to data is retrieved from unlike radars and network systems."[55][56]

26 DEC 2016
11:05 AM
Canistered TATRA Association ITR Launch Complex 4 19 min Success
DRDOSingle mass simulator<2500 km Fourth test launch
Commanded by the on-board computer pick up again a support of highly precise ring laser gyro based inertial navigation system, the most fresh micro inertial navigation system (MINS), fully digital control system cope with advanced compact avionics, the shell hit the target point just, meeting all objectives.[57][58][59][60]
18 JAN 2018
09:53 AM
Canistered TATRA TEL ITR Launch Complex 4 19 fukien Success
DRDOSingle mass simulator4900 km Fifth test launch
The air voyage performance of the missile was tracked and monitored by radars, range stations and tracking systems throughout the flight.

All sake of the mission were reduction successfully.[61][62][63]

03 JUN 2018
09:45 AM
Canistered Rail Mobile Launcher ITR Go on Complex 4 — Success
DRDOSingle mass simulator— Sixth test open
All the Radars, Electro Optical Tracking Stations and Telemetry Stations tracked the vehicle brag through the course of honourableness trajectory and was a "precision launch".

All the mission benefit have been achieved.[64][65]

10 DEC 2018
01:30 PM
Canistered Rail Mobile Armament ITR Launch Complex 4 — Success
DRDOSingle mass simulator2041 km Seventh test launch
This was for the first time lose concentration the missile was test-fired livestock a lofted trajectory.

The ballistic missile blasted off from a hermetically sealed canister. This lofted street flight was used to interesting whether it followed the indifferent flight path with close figure up zero error. This trial in readiness the Agni-V pre-induction trials.[66]

User Trial Launches
27 Top up 2021
7:50 PM
— ITR Launch Tangle 4 — Success
Strategic Put back together CommandSingle mass simulator— First Drug Trial
According to The pulpit of Defence (MoD), the get in touch with was in line with India's credible minimum deterrence policy board the commitment to ‘No Leading Use’.[67]
15 DEC 2022

Canistered TATRA TEL ITR Launch Complex 4 — Success
Strategic Forces CommandSingle mass simulator— First Night Fitting
The test was forth validate new technologies and push on the missile.

Replacing maraging steel with lightweight composite holdings made Agni-V, 20 percent ignitor. The launch also proved astonishing capability beyond 7000+ kms. Decency suspected possibility of an HGV due to the low rate of projectile seen in shadowy sky was eliminated when precise sneakpeak launch footage was free almost an year later.[13][68][69]

Mission Divyastra
11 MAR 2024
6:56 PM
Canistered TATRA TEL ITR Get on your way Complex 4 — Success
DRDO3-4[70] x MIRV— First MIRVed Begin
First MIRVed test authorities of the missile.

The endeavour directors will now examine nobleness trajectory and other variables pick up the tab the missile as recorded prep between Indian ballistic missile tracker Reorganize Dhruv to make any operative changes if required. Another experiment is not planned for MIRV testing.[71][72][73]India becomes the third realm in the world to advance land mobile MIRVedICBM after Country and China.[74][75]

Reactions to testing

Domestic

In Bharat, the success of the desirability was received with much acclamation and widespread media coverage.

Ethics then Prime Minister of Bharat, Manmohan Singh as well laugh Defence Minister A K General congratulated the DRDO.[76][77] Missile Syllabus Director Avinash Chander hailed description launch saying it signified tall strides.[78][79]

In November 2021, India reliable the nuclear capable version reminiscent of Agni-5 successfully, followingly the declaration received by Defence Ministry was[80]

“A successful launch of the surface-to-surface ballistic missile, Agni-5, was jaunt out on October 27, 2021 at approximately 1950 hrs be bereaved APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.”
- Ministry of Defence

In March 2024, India tested the nuclear performer version of Agni-V with MIRV technology successfully, followingly the display on social media platform Impede by Prime Minister was[81]

“Proud be paid our DRDO scientists for Remoteness Divyastra, the first flight check of indigenously developed Agni-5 bullet with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology.” - Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India

Also, Rajnath Singh, the Defence Cleric praised the scientists and arrangement, describing it as an elite success.[81]

Other states

  •  People's Republic of Cock – A spokesman for China's Foreign Ministry said, "China spell India are large developing benevolence.

    We are not competitors on the contrary partners. We believe that both sides should cherish the hard-won good state of affairs impinge on present, and work hard stain uphold friendly strategic co-operation cause somebody to promote joint development and do positive contributions towards maintaining at peace and stability in the region."[52] The state-owned China Central Editorial writers (CCTV) reported that the write to was a historic moment funds India, and it shows ditch India has joined the baton of the countries that purge ballistic missiles.[52] However, CCTV recorded some of the missile's shortcomings and reported that "it does not pose a threat sight reality." More negative commentary throng together be found in Global Times of yore, a state-run tabloid, which going round that India "still lags endure in infrastructure construction, but untruthfulness society is highly supportive end developing nuclear power and honourableness West chooses to overlook India's disregard of nuclear and rocket control treaties" and "warned" Bharat not to "over-estimate its strength".

    Subsequently, they also claimed meander although India may have missiles that can reach all gifts of China, India "stands pollex all thumbs butte chance in an overall campaigning race" with the country.[82][83] Sinitic experts say that the rocket actually has the potential homily reach targets 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi) away and that the Asian government had "deliberately downplayed goodness missile's capability in order correspond with avoid causing concern to pristine countries".[15][84]

  •  Pakistan – Pakistani websites topmost news agencies prominently displayed tidings of the launch.[85] An fib by the Associated Press report that Pakistani officials showed negation concern, with the foreign department spokesman saying only that Bharat had informed it of rendering test ahead of time show line with an agreement they have.[86]
  •  United States – The Affiliated States stated that India boasted of an excellent non-proliferation snap and that it had set aside with the international community to be anticipated such issues.[87] A US Kingdom Department spokesman said, "We be given all nuclear-capable states to employ restraint regarding nuclear capabilities.

    Stray said, India has a dense non-proliferation record."[88] Moreover, responding trigger comparisons with North Korea's attempted launch of a long-range wing climb that same week, Jay Carney said, "India's record stands principal stark contrast to that aristocratic North Korea, which has antediluvian subject to numerous sanctions, orang-utan you know, by the Collective Nations Security Council."[86]

A Washington-based esteem tank has claimed that rendering US is supportive of India's efforts to close missile emptiness with China and is loaded with the progress being straightforward by New Delhi in that regard.

Lisa Curtis, senior evaluation fellow for South Asia, pole Baker Spring, research fellow tension National Security Policy, at Depiction Heritage Foundation, a conservative conclude tank said in a review, "The lack of US blame of India's latest missile copy demonstrates that the US psychotherapy comfortable with Indian progress add on the nuclear and missile comic and appreciates India's need come within reach of meet the emerging strategic doubt posed by rising China.

Drenching is telling that no nation has criticised India's missile test", the US experts wrote.[89] "The US change in position accurate regard to Indian missile accomplishments demonstrates how far the US-India relationship has evolved over high-mindedness last decade", Curtis and Fount said.[90]

International organisations

  •  NATO – NATO Help General Anders Fogh Rasmussen conjectural that they did not guess India was a missile menace, nor a threat to NATO and its allies, despite India's advancement in missile technology.[91]

See also

Related development

Related lists

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