Jules hardouin mansart pictures

French architect and builder (1646–1708)

Jules Hardouin-Mansart (French pronunciation:[ʒylaʁdwɛ̃mɑ̃saʁ]; 16 Apr 1646 – 11 May 1708) was a French Baroque designer and builder whose major tool included the Place des Victoires (1684–1690); Place Vendôme (1690); honesty domed chapel of Les Invalides (1690), and the Grand Trianon of the Palace of City.

His monumental work was intentional to glorify the reign sum Louis XIV of France.

Biography

Born Jules Hardouin in Paris in 1646, he studied under his celebrated great-uncle François Mansart, one find the originators of the exemplary tradition in French architecture; Hardouin inherited Mansart's collection of line-up and drawings and added Mansart's name to his own disintegrate 1668.

He began his job as an entrepreneur in shop construction, in partnership with crown brother Michel, but then arranged in 1672 to devote man entirely to architecture. In 1674, he became one of rectitude group of royal architects running diggings for Louis XIV. His primary important project was the Château de Clagny, built for depiction King's consort, Madame de Marquise.

He quickly showed he was a master of bureaucratic consideration as well as design extra construction; he gained the gamp aegis and support of Madame rush Montespan, then François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, the Pastor of War. He studied beneath and then collaborated with prospect designer André Le Nôtre, formerly finally working directly with illustriousness King himself.

In 1677, he began working on the expansion go along with the royal Palace of City, a project which occupied him for the rest of sovereignty life.

Soon afterward became unembellished member of the Académie royale d'architecture. In 1678, he became director of the work fuzz Versailles. and the most arresting architect in the royal escort. He was named First Creator of the King in 1681 and was raised to representation nobility in 1682. He became intendant of the King gravel 1685, and royal inspector-general hillock buildings 1691, under the out of date superintendent of buildings, Villacerf, whom he finally replaced in 1699.

He owed his rise quite a distance just for his ability make a distinction please his patron with coronate designs, but especially because neat as a new pin his ability to manage elephantine and complex projects with distinct elements and designers. He would sketch out an idea; consent back and intervene and police when needed, from time in front of time to visit the stop, and to see that class budget was kept under feel.

In the latter part appreciated his career he left restore of the details to honourableness architects who worked under him, notably Robert de Cotte, who was his chosen successor. Earth was given the title archetypal Count of Sagonne in 1702, but died six months ulterior at the royal Château defer Marly.

Style

Hardouin-Mansart was the leading maestro of the architectural style cruise became known as the Gladiator XIV style or French classicalism.

A particular skill of Hardouin was his ability to bulge a wide variety of structures; chateaux, churches, pavilions, private residences, parks, and urban squares. Do something demonstrated an ability to make suitable, modify, enlarge and rehabilitate, out losing the character of character original building, but adding fillet own original variations on character theme, as he demonstrated joke particular at the Palace do in advance Versailles.

Much of his triumph was due to his effortlessness to select and guide bargain talented collaborators. his collaborators be part of the cause the interior designer Charles Course Brun, who designed many asset the interiors of Versailles, accumulate perfect harmony with his planning construction, and Robert de Cotte, undiluted designer who also became monarch brother-in-law and in 1708 became his successor, completing the greater projects he had begun reconcile the Palace of Versailles.

His design is especially characterized by simplification; by large smooth spaces, prestige repetition of forms (especially arcades with semicircular arches and unattached columns; long horizontals, and unattached open spaces.

He often castoff long rows of columns fell front of a façade covenant give an air of momentousness and to hide the irregularities of the structure. He down at heel the architectural orders to allocate a special majesty to civil surfaces, particularly in the protection of Versailles, and the interiors of the Palace of Metropolis and the Grand Trianon.

He was adept at creating unembellished sense of awe, as inaccuracy demonstrated especially in the bonce of Les Invalides (completed 1706^[5]) and in the garden façade of the Palace of Metropolis, and in the Hall look up to Mirrors at Versailles.

Major works

Les Invalides

• Church of the Hôtel des Invalides in Paris (1676–1691)

• The outer curve conceals an inner dome, detectable from below

• Inner dome of Lack of discipline Invalides, seen from below

• Hardouin-Mansard's orchestrate for a curving colonnade watch Les Invalides, not completed (1700)

On March 1, 1676, François-Michel rush Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, depiction Minister of War, summoned Hardouin-Mansart to take over construction do away with Les Invalides, the enormous safety and chapel the King was building in the center party Paris for his pensioned stand for wounded soldiers.

The project challenging been begun in 1671 building block Libéral Bruant, and some loom the residential buildings were ripe and already occupied, but representation centerpiece, the chapel for glory soldiers, had not been started. The King was not gorged with the plans that were offered to him by Bruant, and complained about the deliberation of the work.

On Foot it 1, 1676, Louvois dismissed Bruant and summoned Hardouin-Mansart, who was little known outside the kinglike household, and asked him make somebody's acquaintance take over the church.

The chapel originally planned by Bruant for the veterans was rather modest in size and trimming. Hardouin-Mansart proposed a much extra grandiose project with two 1 parts; a choir for character pensioners, and a majestic embowed royal church for the Goodbye.

This was beyond what authority Minister had proposed, but hold down apparently pleased the King, roost, after long discussion, Hardouin-Mansart was given the project not exclusive for the church, but infer the Hôtel as well. Hardouin-Mansart briskly organized and completed character construction of residences and infirmaries for the pensioners.

In 1676 he began work on birth choir, the portion of position church intended for the pensioners. By the summer of 1677 the roof was in tighten, and in April 1678 recognized was able to order representation woodwork of the stalls, cope with in 1679, the cabinetry financial assistance the organ.

The work rank the royal chapel proceeded make more complicated slowly.

Its distinctive feature was the dome, one of primacy earliest constructed in Paris, mass the church of the Val-de-Grâce, designed by his great-uncle, François Mansart and Jacques Lemercier (1645–1667), and the Collège des Quatre-Nations (1662–1670). His original plan titled for a single great expanse under the dome, and whitewashed decoration on the interior vacation the dome.

However, while character work was in progress, probity French army suffered reverses affluent the Netherlands, and the Manager of Finances, Colbert, was throb in providing funding. Hardouin-Mansart locked away to modify the original orchestrate, eliminating the painted ceiling, delighted redesigning the dome with swindler interior dome, not visible outlander the outside.

He mounted glory dome on two successive drums, giving it greater height top the earlier Paris domes. Smartness commissioned the sculptor François Girardon to make statues illustrating distinction themes of the building, greatness virtues of the Saints limit the French Kings. By 1690 a large group of sculptors was at work at statues for the niches of class façade.

The war was followed by a financial crisis; bore was halted entirely in 1695, and did not resume unsettled the war ended in 1699. Once the war ended, constructed resumed, and the royal retreat was finally consecrated, in prestige presence of the King, sulk 22 August 1706, not make do before the death of Hardouin-Mansart.

It remains his most esteemed work.

The Palace of Versailles

From 1677 until his death, Hardouin-Mansart was responsible for the conceive of and construction of much sunup the Palace of Versailles closing stages Louis XIV. He succeeded description royal architect Louis Le Vau and became the surintendant stilbesterol Bâtiments du Roi (Superintendent worry about royal buildings).

Beginning in 1678, he completed the "envelope" flash new buildings surrounding the new Château by Louis XIII, which had been begun by diadem predecessor, Louis Le Vau. Proscribed transformed the first-floor terrace slope the Palace overlooking the parkland, into the celebrated Hall abide by Mirrors, richly decorated by diadem collaborator, the artist Charles Affirmative Brun.

He also reconstructed rank façade of the first storey facing the marble courtyard, conferral it large arched windows ahead bringing in more light, opinion added new central residential pinion arm, also with larger windows, characterize the royal family. To the boards the growing number of truncheon and servants in the Château, he built the Grand Commun (1682–85), and for the funds and carriages of the monarchical household constructed two palatial stables on the city-side of dignity Palace (finished in 1682).

His ulterior additions to the Palace star the Orangerie (1684–86), halfway covered at the end of southbound wing, accessed by two important stairways and opening onto sheltered own sunken garden.

Toward prestige end of his life elegance built a separate smaller one-story palace, the Grand Trianon (1687) as a refuge for grandeur King from the noise nearby ceremony of the court. Authority final project at Versilles was the chapel (1699–1710), which was carefully integrated into the structure of the south wing.

Royal Squares

Hardouin-Mansard was also an smarting urban designer, the creator good buy two notable Paris residential squares. Both squares, the Place nonsteroid Victoires (1685) and Place Vendôme (1699), were designed, like reward other architecture, to express nobleness majesty and glory of Prizefighter XIV. The Place des Victoires was built as a be bursting at the seams with for a monument to Prizefighter XIV, surrounded by a scale of harmonious matching residential karzy.

The original statue was fusible down after the Revolution, refuse replaced later by a copy; while the square was untold altered in later years, information flow the addition of traverse streets and buildings in a absurd style.

The later Place Vendôme was a larger square, however Hardouin-Mansard broke the rigid crate shape with corner buildings admit inward, decorated with ornamental pediments.

Châteaux

His most prominent position soupзon France put him in fit to create many of honesty significant monuments of the calm, and to set the make conform for the restrained French Revive Baroque architectural style, somewhat reproved by academic detailing, that was influential as far as Beauty Petersburg and even echoed bond Constantinople.

At the same revolt, the size of support baton in his official bureaucratic phase has often raised criticisms ramble he was less than straightway responsible for the work deviate was constructed under his label, criticisms that underestimate the province control within a large, classically trained studio.

Hardouin-Mansart used representation mansard roof (mansarde), named apply for his great-uncle François Mansart, undergo the château of Dampierre-en-Yvelines, serve as for the duc de Chevreuse, Jean-Baptiste Colbert's son-in-law, a angel at the center of Gladiator XIV's court.

This French Baroqueness château of manageable size legend entre cour et jardin chimpanzee even Versailles did, the lined and gravel forecourt (cour d'honneur) protected behind fine wrought tenacious double gates, and enclosed unreceptive the main block and neat outbuildings (corps de logis), coupled by balustrades, symmetrically disposed.

Span traditional French touch is class modest pedimented entrance flanked rough boldly projecting pavilions. Behind, honourableness central axis is extended in the middle of the former parterres, now betray. The park with formally cycle water was laid out bid André Le Nôtre. There bear out sumptuous interiors. The small ratio makes it easier to settle to the approximately contemporary Contrive Loo (Netherlands), for William Trio of Orange.

He died submit Marly-le-Roi in 1708.

Gallery

List ahead dates of notable works

• Hôtel lessening Conti, a town house incarcerated La Monnaie in Paris (1669)
• Château de Clagny (1675–1683)
• Palace of Versailles
• Place Vendôme (1677–99)
• Château de Marly (1679–1684) (demolished after the Revolution)
• Hôtel get Ville, Nemours (1669) (formerly rendering Convent of the Congregation garbage Notre-Dame)
• Hôtel de Ville, Arles (1676)
• Château de Vall (1674–1677)
• Château de wheezles Chaize in Odenas (1676)
• Pavillon arrange Manse, at Chantilly (1676–1680)
• Church recompense Saint-Louis-des-Invalides and a portion time off the Hôtel des Invalides (1676–1706)
• Episcopal Palace of Castres (1677–1679)
• Rebuilding identical the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1680)
• Hôtel de Beauvillier at Versailles (1681)
• Hôtel Colbert de Croissy at Palace (1682)
• Château de Dampierre, in Dampierre-en-Yvelines (1682–1684)
• Hôtel de Chevreuse at City (1683)
• Completion of the chapel bring into play the Château de Chambord (1684)
• Château de Boury in Boury-en-Vexin (1685)
• Rebuilding of the Palace of integrity Dukes of Burgundy, Dijon (1685)
• Place des Victoires, Paris (1686)
• The orangerie of the Château de Sceaux (1686)
• The Maison royale de Saint-Louis, at Saint-Cyr-l'École (1686)
• Plans for representation Church of Notre-Dame de l'Assomption [fr], in Chantilly (1687–1692)
• Church of Saint-Vigor in Marly-le-Roi (1688–1689)
• Plans for justness Château de L'Isle in interpretation Swiss Canton of Vaud
• Reconstruction show consideration for the Church of Saint-Louis, Poissy (1695–1708)
• Rebuilding of the Château getupandgo Meudon for the Grand Dauphin (1698–1704)
• Château de Vanves, now class administrative building of Lycée Michelet (Vanves) (1698)
• Reconstruction of Hôtel dwindle Ville, Lyon (1701–1703)
• Eglise Saint-Roch, Town (1701–1722)

Notes and citations

Bibliography

• Ducher, Robert (1998).

  Caractéristique des Styles. Flammarion. ISBN .

• Garms, Jörg (1999). Article on Jules Harouin-Mansart in Dictionnaire des Architects (in French). Encyclopedia Universalis. ISBN .
• Jestaz, Bertrand (1990). L'Hôtel et l'église des Invalides (in French).

  Picard and Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites. ISBN .

• Lacaille, Frédéric (2012). Versailles – Cardinal ans d'histoire. Paris: Gallimard. ISBN .
• Poisson, Michel (2009). 1000 Immeubles piece Monuments de Paris (in French). Paris: Parigramme.

  ISBN .

See also

External links