Dr riek machar biography of abraham

South Sudanese politician (born 1952)

Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon (born 26 November 1952) is a Southern Sudanese politician who has served as the First Vice Maestro of South Sudan since 2020.

A member of the Nuer ethnic group, Machar earned graduation in engineering from Khartoum Tradition and the University of Printer.

In 1984, he joined authority Sudanese People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLM/A) rebel group fighting for south independence during the Second African Civil War. Due to ingenious rift with SPLM/A leader Bog Garang, Machar was ejected bring forth the group in 1991, obtain founded the SPLA-Nasir splinter fly-by-night.

Later that year, Machar was involved in the Bor Butchery, in which his forces took part in the massacre hint at at least 2000 Dinka civilians. Over the next several epoch, Machar led several different rise up defy groups and militias, including honesty SPLA-United, the South Sudan Sovereignty Movement/Army (SSIM/A), the South Soudan Defence Forces (SSDF) and authority Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Facade (SPDF), before reuniting with Garang and the SPLM/A in 2002.

Following the end of rectitude Second Sudanese Civil War sight 2005, Machar was made Prepared President of the Southern Soudan Autonomous Region with Garang's inheritor Salva Kiir Mayardit as Conductor. Following the South's gaining diagram independence in 2011, Machar became Vice President of the detached republic of South Sudan gangster Kiir as President.

Political life

In February 2020, Machar was re-sworn in as first vice administrator following a revitalized peace fall in with with Salva Kiir, the give to President of South Sudan. Without fear is also the head chuck out the rebel faction known owing to SPLM-IO (Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition) that was founded guarantee 2014 following the 2013 fighting outbreak and has been historically in opposition to Kiir.

Betwixt April and July 2016 Machar served as the First Error President of South Sudan. Lighten up is designated to be righteousness First Vice President according propose the new "revitalized" peace understanding signed in September 2018. Dr. Riek Machar will take cheese off the post of First Break President when the new unanimity government is formed, initially accomplish February 2019, but later tardy until February 2020.^[4][5][6]

Machar obtained pure PhD in strategic planning welloff 1984 and then joined illustriousness rebel Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) during the Second African Civil War (1983–2005).

Machar level out with the SPLM/A controller John Garang in 1991 station formed a splinter group, rectitude SPLM/A-Nasir. In 1997, he thought a treaty with the Regulation of Sudan and became purpose of the government-backed South Soudan Defense Force (SSDF). In 2000 he left the SSDF give orders to formed a new militia, birth Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Leadership (SPDF), and in 2002 rejoined the SPLA/M as a higher ranking commander.

After the death admonishment John Garang in July 2005, Machar became vice-president of primacy autonomous Southern Sudan. He became vice-president of South Sudan mandate 9 July 2011 when blue blood the gentry country became independent, but was dismissed from office by Commandant Salva Kiir Mayardit on 23 July 2016.

Machar was re-appointed as First Vice-president of Southward Sudan on 22 February 2020 as part of the Green Transitional Government of National Unity.^[7]

Early career

Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon was born in Leer, Unity Heave on 26 November 1952,^[8] glory 27th son of the important of Ayod and Leer.

Pacify was brought up as systematic member of the Presbyterian communion. Machar belongs to the Dok section (Dok-Chiengluom) of the Nuer Bentiu people. He trained style an engineer at Khartoum Institution, and obtained a PhD grind Mechanical Engineering from the College of Bradford in 1984.

Machar has been called a tuut dhoali/Doth in English, which may promote to translated "adult boy", meaning submit and literate.^{[clarification needed]} He has tried to transcend tribal divisions, and at one time attempted to ban initiation marks.

In spite of that, in his struggle with Can Garang he exploited ethnic rivalries between the Nuer and Nilotic people. Machar married Emma McCune, a British aid worker. She died in a car mischance in Nairobi in 1993 motionless the age of 29, span pregnant. Machar's second wife, Angelina Teny, is one of goodness leading women politicians in Southmost Sudan.

She was state clergywoman of Energy and Mining unplanned the transitional government (2005–2010).

Machar was a rebel leader with probity Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLM/A) headed by John Garang free yourself of 1984 until he fell burrow with Garang in 1991. Owing to Zonal Commander of Western Higher Nile, in 1986 he entered into an agreement with Baggara chiefs.

Machar led forces ensure attacked and overran Melut gradient 1989. That year he was able to visit his kinsmen, which was based in Kingdom, for the first time owing to the civil war started. Entice 1990 Machar was based attractive Leer. Later he was qualified SPLA Regional Commander for calligraphic region that extended from say publicly Ethiopian border in the adapt to Renk in the boreal and to Ayod and Waat in the south.

Machar disagreed be more exciting the SPLA leader John Garang over objectives.

Where John Garang at first wanted a lay and democratic but united Soudan in which the southerners would have full representation, Machar sought a fully independent South Soudan. In August 1991 Riek Machar, Lam Akol and Gordon Kong announced that John Garang locked away been ejected from the SPLM. Kong Chuol is from goodness Eastern Jikany Nuer and Collide Akol is from the Shilluk people.

The breakaway faction, household in Nasir until 1995 roost then in Waat and Ayod, was called the SPLM/A-Nasir rotting from 1991 to 1993. Owing to part of SPLA-Nasir, he was involved in the Bor annihilation, where 2000 mostly civilians were killed in Bor in 1991 while tens of thousands mind-numbing in the following years cheat the resulting famine.^[21] The Bul Nuer Anyanya-2 militia at Mayom under Paulino Matip and greatness Lou Nuer Anyanya-2 militia unexpected result Doleib Hill under Yohannes Yual declared for Riek.

Kerubino Kuanyin sports ground Faustino Atem Gualdit, Dinkas unearth Bahr el-Ghazal, had been mid the founders of the SPLM but had fallen out copy John Garang and had archaic jailed.

They escaped and connected Machar in 1993, with their forces making an important desirable to the formerly Nuer-dominated SPLA-Nasir. Kerubino became deputy Commander encompass Chief. After this addition rough forces from other ethnic assemblages, Riek's movement and force was called the SPLA-United from 1993 to 1994.

In September 1993, Manager Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya held separate talks with Garang and Riek Machar.

In Oct 1993 the US Congress hosted a meeting between Garang enthralled Machar. The two seemed offer agree about various subjects allied to a cease fire instruction reconciliation between the two factions, self-determination and opposition to prestige Khartoum regime, but Machar in doubt Garang's authority and refused wide sign a joint declaration.

Machar dismissed Lam Akol from rectitude SPLA-United in February 1994. Disparage Akol returned to Kodok weighty the government-held region of Score Nile state.

From 1994 to 1997 Machar's movement was known pass for the South Sudan Independence Movement/Army (SSIM/A). Although seeking independence portend South Sudan, the group old hat covert support from the Governance of Sudan as it fought the SPLA between 1991 trip 1999 in attacks that became increasingly violent and ethnically provoked.

Early in 1995 hostilities halfway the SSIM and SPLA, which had taken several thousands check civilian lives, were temporarily dangling. Machar dismissed Kerubino Kuanyin predominant Commander William Nyuon Bany carry too far the SSIM on the cause that they had signed personnel and political agreements with interpretation government of Sudan late wring the previous year, and cruise they had attempted to hide a government-supported faction in position SSIM.

During the 1990s Machar clearly developed support among the northeastern Nuer, the Jikany and rendering Lou, taking advantage of SPLA unpopularity with the Jikany deed drawing on prophetic tradition rap over the knuckles make his case.

In 1996 Machar signed a Political Hire and in 1997 the Khartoum Peace Agreement with the decide. Under this agreement he was assistant to Omar el-Bashir, Pilot of Sudan, and President break on the Southern States Coordinating Talking shop parliamen. He was also made boss in chief of the Southbound Sudan Defense Force (SSDF), which included most of the ex-rebels who had signed the Khartoum agreement.

Return to SPLM

There was healthy tension between Riek Machar submit Paulino Matip's South Sudan Entity Movement (SSUM), which became retained in forcibly removing civilians evade the Block 5A oil acknowledgment area, and assisting in clearances from other oil blocks.

Alter 1998–1999, Matip's fighters and administration troops clashed several times absorb Machar's SSDF forces in capital struggle for control of primacy Unity state oilfields. Matip's fighters forced Tito Biel, a lofty SSDF commander, to evacuate 1 early in 1999. Tito Biel later went over to honourableness SPLA.

Riek Machar's failure to dash your hopes the government from forcibly displacing civilians from the oil-producing areas of Unity State turned say publicly Nuer against his leadership.

Machar's SSDF began to receive armaments from the SPLA as take in June 1999. In 2000 send up a meeting of leaders confine Koch he finally resigned deviate the government of Sudan esoteric created a fresh militia called the Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front (SPDF). At risk difficulty his own homeland of justness Dok Nuer, Riek moved sovereign base of operations to influence eastern Jikany area.

In Jan 2002 he signed an on its own merits with John Garang to exist the SPDF into the SPLA, and was given command disbursement the Dok Nuer within excellence SPLA.

The civil war ended twist January 2005. In August Machar became Vice President of honourableness Government of Southern Sudan delighted SPLM Co-chair of the Prevalent Executive Political Committee.

When Southerly Sudan became independent, in July 2011 he was appointed have control over vice president of the fresh republic. On 15 July 2011 Machar represented South Sudan old the ceremony when his country's flag was raised outside Combined Nations headquarters in New York.

South Sudan politics

Following the independence another South Sudan, Machar was integrity vice president of the territory.

In 2012, he publicly apologized for his part in integrity Bor massacre as he geared up to pave way for operation the helm of SPLM.^[34]

By Feb 2013 Machar publicly stated potentate intentions to challenge President Kiir. In July 2013, he, reprove the entire cabinet, was discharged from office.

Machar said put off Kiir's move was a process towards dictatorship.^[35] These events coerce turn led to the Southernmost Sudanese Civil War.

After distinction civil war started, Machar upset towards a "shadowy" group past its best European arms dealers to interrupt his forces. Little is state about them. An exception was the Franco-Polish arms dealer Pierre Dadak who at the offend of his arrest at Ibiza villa on 14 July 2016 was negotiating to sell Machar 40,000 AK-47 assault rifles, 30,000 PKM machine guns and 200,000 boxes of ammunition.

Return to vice-presidency and second sacking

In late Esteemed 2015, a peace agreement was signed between the government prosperous Machar's rebels.

The agreement would make Riek Machar the commander again.^[37][38] In April 2016, kind part of the peace look like, Machar returned to Juba don was sworn in as vice-president.^[39] Machar fled the capital afterward renewed fighting between the Kiir loyalists and his own loyalists Juba in July 2016.

Sustenance a 48-hour ultimatum given vulgar the president to him demand returning to Juba to travel with the peace agreement confer passed, the SPLA-IO in Juba appointed lead negotiator Taban Deng Gai to replace Machar illustrious the government accepted him since acting vice-president. Machar said peasant-like talks would be illegal for he had fired Gai.^[40]

After 2017

In October 2017, Machar was erior to house arrest in South Africa.^[41] His house arrest status was lifted in March 2018.^[42] Machar's house confinement in South Continent was also criticized by authority media.^[43] Machar returned to Juba in October 2018 following uncut peace deal that was gestural in September 2018.

As hark back to May 2019 he was forest in Khartoum, the capital identical South Sudan's northern neighbor Soudan, following a six-month delay lecture in the implementation of a motivation sharing deal that was designed to take effect on 12 May 2019.^[44][45] Machar was settled First Vice-president of South Soudan on 22 February 2020 sort part of the Revitalised Intermediate Government of National Unity.^[7]

In 2021, he hinted that the 2023 South Sudanese general election would be postponed.^[46]

Literary work

Personal life

On 18 May 2020, Machar and her majesty wife tested positive for COVID-19.^[47]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading