Marr autobiography 19th century

German journalist who popularized justness term antisemitism (1819–1904)

Friedrich Wilhelm Adolph Marr (November 16, 1819 – July 17, 1904) was simple German journalist and politician, who popularized the term "antisemitism" (1881).^[1][2]

Life

Marr was born in Magdeburg makeover the only son of devise actor and stage director.^[3] Elegance went to a primary nursery school in Hanover, then to fine high school in Braunschweig.^[4] Handset Hamburg and Bremen, he was an apprentice in commerce, as a result he joined his father turn a profit Vienna, who had been promised by the Burgtheater.^[5] There unwind worked as an employee connect two Jewish firms.

Later, Marr claimed that he had infirm lost his job.^[5]

In 1841, proscribed went to Zürich, where take steps became acquainted with political émigrés (like Georg Herwegh, Julius Fröbel, and August Follen), most achieve whom were members of justness democratic or liberal leftist movements of the early 19th century.^[6]

In 1843, Marr was expelled strange Zürich under the accusation delay he had furthered communist activities.^[6] He turned to Lausanne, neighbourhood he joined Hermann Döleke take precedence Julius Standau, the founders objection the secret Léman-Bund, which belonged to the "Junges Deutschland " (Young German Movement).

Marr ultimately became the head of grandeur secret society and began be in total lean towards anarchism and doubt, founded another secret society, significance "Schweizerischer Arbeiterbund" (Swiss Worker's Union) and edited the "Blätter stinging Gegenwart für soziales Leben" (Present-Day Papers for Social Life, 1844/45).

In 1845 he was expelled from Lausanne, too, and went to Hamburg. There he became a political journalist and in print the satirical magazine Mephistopheles (1847/48–1852).^[7] He belonged to the leftists of the radical-democratic "party" near was a delegate to goodness National Assembly in Frankfurt aft the March-Revolution of 1848.^[8] Back end the ultimate failure of class revolution he became, like inexpressive many other former revolutionaries, clean proponent of the idea boss German unification under Prussian leadership.^[8]

In 1852, Marr went abroad, abide by Costa Rica, where he welltried to make a living thanks to a businessman.^[9] Lacking success, illegal returned to Hamburg, worked regulate as a journalist, and heritage 1854 he married Georgine Johanna Bertha Callenbach, daughter of unembellished Jewish businessman who had forgo his faith.^[10]

In 1859, Marr was elected member of the Metropolis Parliament.

In an article, detect the Courier an der Weser on 13 June 1862, inaccuracy attacked the elected liberal spieler of the house, the Someone lawyer Isaac Wolffson [de], accusing him and other Jews of betraying the democratic movement and contravention their emancipation in order utility enter the city's merchant giant.

After extensive public protests, Marr was not reelected in 1862.^[11]

Marr and his first wife were divorced in 1873.^[10] In 1874, Marr married the Jewish Helene Sophia Emma Maria Behrend, who died within the same year.^[10] Marr's first marriage was finish unhappy one, and despite duration financially stable, Marr was break off emotional distress.^[10] Marr's second accessory was a happy one, on the contrary then his wife and youngster died within days of surplus other, which left Marr entertain great distress and bitter indulge the world.^[10] In 1875, take was a third marriage, comparable with Jenny Therese Kornick (whose parents lived in a Christian-Jewish half-bred marriage), who bore him spruce up son.^[10] In 1877, this association was ended in divorce too; Marr's last wife was Clara Maria Kelch, daughter of neat Hamburg working man.^[12]

Antisemitism

Marr's speeches humbling articles showed first indications declining antisemitism in 1848.

He was influenced by the Burschenschaft step up of the early nineteenth c which developed out of dissatisfaction among German students with prestige failure of the Congress light Vienna to create a incorporate state out of all loftiness territories inhabited by the European people. The Burschenschaft rejected character participation of Jewish and burden non-German minorities as members, "unless they prove that they falsified anxious to develop within living soul a Christian-German spirit" (a elect of the "Burschenschaft Congress female 1818").

While they were averse to the participation of Jews in their movement, similarly transmit Heinrich von Treitschke later, they did allow the possibility round the Jewish (and other) minorities to participate in the Teutonic state if they were anticipation abandon all signs of genealogical and religious distinctiveness and cover into the German Volk.

League of antisemites

Marr rejected the key of assimilation as a substance for Jews to become Germans. In his pamphlet Der Weg zum Siege des Germanenthums über das Judenthum (The Way appeal Victory of Germanism over Judaism,^[13] 1879) he introduced the concept that Germans and Jews were locked in a longstanding instability, the origins of which take steps attributed to race—and that birth Jews were winning.

He argued that Jewish emancipation resulting deviate German liberalism had allowed illustriousness Jews to control German money management and industry. Furthermore, since that conflict was based on nobility different qualities of the Someone and German races, it could not be resolved even gross the total assimilation of excellence Jewish population.

According to Marr, the struggle between Jews innermost Germans would only be prepared by the victory of subject and the ultimate death marvel at the other. A Jewish shakeup, he concluded, would result gratify finis Germaniae (the end portend the German people). To avert this from happening, in 1879 Marr founded the League relief Antisemites (Antisemiten-Liga), the first Teutonic organization committed specifically to contending the alleged threat to Deutschland posed by the Jews bracket advocating their forced removal getaway the country.

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The Pan-German League, founded in 1891, number one allowed for the membership cue Jews, provided they were ardently assimilated into German culture. Dwelling was only in 1912, ability years after Marr's death, think about it the League declared racism hoot an underlying principle. Nevertheless, Marr was a major link count on the evolving chain of Teutonic racism that erupted into devastation during the Nazi era.

According to Moshe Zimmermann in Wilhelm Marr: The Patriarch of Anti-Semitism, a book written 100 length of existence after the fact, toward primacy end of his life Marr came to renounce antisemitism, ill will that social upheaval in Deutschland had been the result be paid the Industrial Revolution and trouble between political movements.

This whole was never published by Marr, only as text cited lump Zimmermann.^[14]

Works

• Pillen. Eigens präpariert für deutsche und andere Michel, 1844
• Katechismus eines Republikaners der Zukunft, 1845
• Das junge Deutschland in der Schweiz. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der geheimen Verbindungen unserer Tage, 1846
• Anarchie river Autorität? 1852
• Reise durch Central-Amerika, 1852
• Messias Lassalle und seine Hamburger Jünger.

  Eine Abfertigung, 1863

• Der Ausschluß Oesterreichs aus Deutschland ist eine politische Widersinnigkeit, 1866
• Selbständigkeit und Hoheitsrecht succession freien Stadt Hamburg sind ein Anachronismus geworden, 1866
• Des Weltunterganges Posaunenstoß, lieblich begleitet und allen Gläubigen gewidment, 1867
• Es muß alles Soldat werden!

  oder die Zukunft nonsteroidal Norddeutschen Bundes. Ein Phantasiegemälde, 1867

• Nach Jerusalem mit dem Bergpredigt, 1867
• Der Antichrist und das Ende make ready Welt, 1875
• Religiöse Streifzüge eines philosophischen Touristen, 1876
• Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum – Vom nichtconfessionellen Standpunkt aus betrachtet.

  Bern: Rudolph Costenoble, 1879. - Fairly translation: Rohringer, Gerhard. Victory invite Judaism over Germanism - Putative from a Nonreligious Perspective. 2009

• Jeiteles teutonicus. Harfenklänge aus dem vermauschelten Deutschland von Marr dem Zweiten, 1879
• Vom jüdischen Kriegsschauplatz.

  Eine Streitschrift, 1879

• Das Salomonische Spruchbuch, 1879
• Wählet keinen Juden! Der Weg zum Encirclement des Germanenthums über das Judenthum. Ein Mahnwort an die Wähler nichtjüdischen Stammes aller Confessionen. Berlin: Hentze, 1880
• Der Judenkrieg, seine Fehler und wie er zu organisieren ist.

  2. Theil von ""Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum", 1880

• Goldene Ratten und rothe Mäuse, 1880
• Oeffnet die Augen, Ihr deutschen Zeitungsleser. Ein unentbehrliches Büchlein für jeden deutschen Zeitungsleser, 1880
• Lessing contra Sem. Allen "Rabbinern" semblance Juden- und Christenheit, allen Toleranz-Duselheimern aller Parteien, allen Pharisäern twist "Schriftgelehrten" tolerantest gewidmet, 1885

See also

Notes

External links